Wheat ports and hubs in The Black Sea
32 ports and hubs in the Black Sea handle wheat, across 8 countries: Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Türkiye, and Ukraine. Grades: Milling Wheat (Standard), High Protein Wheat (Quality / A-Wheat), Durum Wheat (Amber Durum), and Feed Wheat.
ExportImportCrushing / transitInland river
Open the interactive mapPrices, price history and the 5- and 10-year seasonal comparison are on the interactive map, with the source and date of every figure.
Grades
- Milling Wheat (Standard) (11.5% - 12.0%) - Standard European bread-making wheat. High hectolitre weight (>76 kg/hl), Hagberg falling number >220s.
- High Protein Wheat (Quality / A-Wheat) (14.0% - 15.0%) - High-protein bread wheat at 14-15%, the improver grade blended into weaker domestic wheat to lift dough strength. Priced as a premium over standard milling wheat rather than as an independent market, so it tracks the milling wheat anchor.
- Durum Wheat (Amber Durum) (13.0% - 15.0%) - Vitreous hard amber wheat exclusively used for semolina pasta production. Concentrated in Mediterranean basins.
- Feed Wheat (10.0% - 11.0%) - Lower-protein wheat dedicated to poultry, swine, and ruminant compound feed rations.
Ports and hubs (32)
| Hub | Country | Type | Grades handled |
|---|---|---|---|
| Port of Burgas Burgas Bulgaria's southern Black Sea port. Prices here are European Commission farm-gate quotations for the Burgas district; the Commission's Burgas FOB series ended in 2022. | Bulgaria | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Ruse (Danube) Ruse Bulgaria's main Danube river port, loading barges down to the Black Sea and up the Rhine-Main-Danube corridor. Prices are European Commission farm-gate quotations for the Ruse district. | Bulgaria | River port Inland river | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Port of Varna Varna Bulgaria's principal Black Sea grain port. Prices here are European Commission farm-gate quotations for the Varna district: the Commission discontinued its Varna FOB series in 2023, and a three-year-old port price is not shown as current. | Bulgaria | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Poti Poti Georgia's principal Black Sea port and the main entry point for its wheat imports. | Georgia | Seaport Import | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Kostanay (Northern Kazakhstan) Kostanay Centre of northern Kazakhstan's spring wheat belt, one of the largest wheat-growing regions in Central Asia. | Kazakhstan | Inland hub Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), High Protein Wheat (Quality / A-Wheat) |
| Port of Aktau (Caspian) Aktau Kazakhstan's Caspian Sea port, shipping wheat to Iran, Azerbaijan and the Caucasus. | Kazakhstan | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Port of Giurgiulesti (Danube) Giurgiulesti Moldova's only port, on the Danube where it meets the Romanian and Ukrainian borders, loading grain for export. | Moldova | River port Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Port of Constanta (Comvex & Chimpex) Constanta Black Sea mega-hub and transshipment powerhouse. Confluence of the Danube-Black Sea canal, loading Capesize and Panamax bulkers with Romanian, Ukrainian, Serbian, and Hungarian crops. | Romania | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Port of Galati (Danube) Galati Romania's largest Danube port and a barge-to-ship transshipment point for grain moving down to the Black Sea. | Romania | River port Inland river | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Astrakhan (Volga delta, Caspian) Astrakhan Volga delta port and, with nearby Olya, Russia's main Caspian route for wheat, barley and maize to Iran and Central Asia. | Russia | River port Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Barnaul (Altai Krai) Barnaul Capital of Altai Krai, Siberia's largest grain region, known for hard spring wheat and buckwheat. | Russia | Inland hub Export | High Protein Wheat (Quality / A-Wheat), Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Krasnodar (Kuban) Krasnodar Capital of Krasnodar Krai, Russia's second wheat region with about 12% of the crop, and a large maize and sunflower producer. Its grain moves by rail to Novorossiysk, Taman and Kavkaz. | Russia | Inland hub Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Novosibirsk (Western Siberia) Novosibirsk Rail hub of western Siberia on the Trans-Siberian, gathering spring wheat and barley from Siberian farms for the domestic market and rail exports towards China and Central Asia. | Russia | Inland hub Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Port Kavkaz (Kerch Strait) Kavkaz Deep-water anchorage and terminals at the Kerch Strait, where wheat brought down the Azov Sea and Don in small river-sea vessels is topped up into ocean bulk carriers. | Russia | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Port of Azov Azov Russian port at the mouth of the Don on the Sea of Azov, handling grain in shallow-draft coasters. | Russia | River port Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Makhachkala (Caspian) Makhachkala Dagestan's ice-free Caspian port, shipping grain to Iran; a larger grain terminal is planned. | Russia | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Port of Novorossiysk Novorossiysk Russia's largest Black Sea port and the main outlet for its wheat exports. | Russia | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Rostov-on-Don Rostov-on-Don Russian river port on the Don, loading shallow-draft vessels out across the Sea of Azov. | Russia | River port Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Taman Taman Russian deep-water grain terminal on the Taman peninsula, facing the Kerch Strait. | Russia | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Tuapse Tuapse Russian Black Sea port south of Novorossiysk with a dedicated grain terminal. | Russia | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Yeysk (Azov Sea) Yeysk Azov Sea port in Krasnodar Krai, loading wheat and barley from the Kuban and Rostov farms into shallow river-sea ships. | Russia | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Saratov (Volga) Saratov Volga region of winter wheat, durum and sunflower, part of the south-western belt that grows over half of Russia's wheat. | Russia | Inland hub Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Durum Wheat (Amber Durum) |
| St Petersburg (Baltic) St Petersburg Russia's Baltic gateway. Terminals that handled coal and fertiliser have started loading wheat, giving a northern export route that avoids the Black Sea. | Russia | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Stavropol Stavropol Centre of Stavropol Krai, one of Russia's three largest wheat regions, shipping by rail to Novorossiysk and the Caspian. | Russia | Inland hub Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Volgograd (Lower Volga) Volgograd Lower Volga river port at the head of the Volga-Don canal, linking the Volga wheat lands to both the Azov and Caspian export routes. | Russia | River port Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Durum Wheat (Amber Durum) |
| Voronezh (Central Black Earth) Voronezh Centre of the black-earth belt south of Moscow, growing wheat, sugar beet, sunflower and maize; grain goes south by rail to the Azov and Black Sea ports. | Russia | Inland hub Export | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Port of Samsun Samsun Turkish Black Sea port on the northern Anatolian coast. Turkey is among the world's largest wheat importers, much of it milled and re-exported as flour. | Türkiye | Seaport Import | Milling Wheat (Standard) |
| Port of Izmail (Danube) Izmail Ukrainian Danube port that became a principal grain export route when the Black Sea ports were blockaded in 2022. | Ukraine | River port Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Mykolaiv Mykolaiv Ukrainian port on the Southern Bug, historically one of the largest grain export hubs in the country; its operations have been heavily disrupted since 2022. | Ukraine | River port Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Odesa & Chornomorsk Odesa Historic Ukrainian deep-water grain gateway handling high-capacity export flows into the Mediterranean and worldwide. | Ukraine | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Pivdennyi Pivdennyi Deep-water Ukrainian port east of Odesa, one of the three ports of the Greater Odesa grain export corridor. | Ukraine | Seaport Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |
| Port of Reni (Danube) Reni Ukrainian Danube port which, with Izmail, carried much of Ukraine's grain exports while the Black Sea ports were blockaded in 2022. | Ukraine | River port Export | Milling Wheat (Standard), Feed Wheat |